Principals Leadership Competence and Teachers Job Satisfaction in Ondo North Public and Private Secondary Schools

Crossmark

Click to verify publication status

Authors

  • Adepoju Oladehinde Joseph Upland College of Education Science and Technology, Ifira/Ipesi-Akoko Ondo State

Keywords:

Leadership Competence, Job Satisfaction, Principals, Secondary Schools, Nigeria

Abstract

Purpose - This study examines the nexus between principals’ leadership competence and teachers’ job satisfaction in public and private secondary schools in Ondo North Senatorial District, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach - The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Data were collected from secondary school teachers using a structured questionnaire that measured demographic characteristics, principals’ leadership competence, and teachers’ job satisfaction. The responses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical procedures to determine patterns and differences across school ownership categories.

Findings - Teachers in public and private secondary schools perceived principals’ leadership competence in broadly similar ways. Teachers’ job satisfaction also showed no meaningful difference across school ownership categories. Leadership practices related to motivation, decision-making, communication, fairness, and collegiality emerged as important conditions that support teacher satisfaction, while recognition and career advancement remain areas for improvement.

Research limitations/implications - The study was limited to a single senatorial district and relied on self-reported questionnaire data. Future studies should broaden the scope to wider geographic contexts and employ mixed-methods approaches.

Practical implications - Education authorities and school proprietors should prioritize leadership development, teacher recognition, professional development, and participatory decision-making in both public and private schools.

Originality/value - This study provides contextual evidence that school ownership is less important than leadership quality in shaping teachers’ workplace satisfaction.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Adepoju Oladehinde Joseph, Upland College of Education Science and Technology, Ifira/Ipesi-Akoko Ondo State

    Dr. Adepoju Oladehinde Joseph is a distinguished Nigerian educator, scholar, and academic administrator with extensive expertise in educational leadership, administration, teacher training, and moral education. I currently serves as the Deputy Provost of Upland College of Education, Science, and Technology, Ifira/Ipesi-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria, where I provide visionary leadership as the chief academic and administrative officer.

    I hold a PhD in Educational Administration, an M.Ed. in Educational Administration and Planning, and a B.A. (Ed.) in Religious Studies. My academic and professional journey reflects a deep commitment to advancing educational excellence, institutional development, and ethical leadership in Nigeria’s education sector.

    Throughout my career, I have held several pivotal roles, including Deputy Provost (Administration) at Upland College of Education; Principal of Victory Academy International; Senior Lecturer and Head of Department of Christian Education at Testament Business School Theology and Seminary, as well as various adjunct, lecturing, and administrative positions (such as Dean and committee chairman) across institutions.

    As a prolific researcher, I have published extensively on critical topics in education and society. His recent works include studies on students’ insights into school management leadership practices in Colleges of Education in South-West Nigeria, educational leadership and management as catalysts for academic excellence, institutional barriers to participatory and transformational leadership, challenges in the teaching profession, and the social impacts of the “get-rich-quick” culture on youth and communities in Ondo State. My research often employs rigorous methodologies (e.g., surveys, descriptive designs, and statistical analysis) to address practical issues in educational administration and societal development.

    I am passionate about teacher education, school administration, moral and civic values, and fostering ethical leadership. I have been recognized for my scholarly contributions, administrative acumen, and dedication to nurturing future educators and leaders who prioritize integrity, hard work, and excellence over shortcuts. His appointment as Provost underscores the confidence placed in his ability to drive innovation, elevate academic standards, and promote transformative education in Ondo State and beyond.

    In all my endeavors, I have embodies a lifelong commitment to lifelong learning, passionate teaching, and building resilient educational institutions that serve both academic and moral development.

     

References

Alukagberie, M. E., Elmusharaf, K., Ibrahim, N., & Poix, S. (2023). Factors associated with adolescent pregnancy and public health interventions to address in Nigeria: a scoping review. Reproductive Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-023-01629-5

Barbieri, B., Sulis, I., Porcu, M., & Toland, M. D. (2019). Italian teachers’ well-being within the high school context: Evidence from a large scale survey. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01926

Baruch, Y., & Holtom, B. C. (2008). Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Human Relations, 61(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726708094863

Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Transformational Leadership (2nd Ed.).

Bennell, P., & Akyeampong, K. (n.d.). Teacher Motivation in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Bonyadi, A. (2023). Phenomenology as a research methodology in teaching English as a foreign language. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00184-z

Burkhauser, Susan. (2017). How Much Do School Principals Matter When It Comes to Teacher Working Conditions? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 39(1), 126–145. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373716668028

Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2016). School Leadership in West Africa: Findings from a Systematic Literature Review. Africa Education Review, 13(3–4). https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2016.1229572

Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Borgogni, L., & Steca, P. (2003). Efficacy Beliefs as Determinants of Teachers’ Job Satisfaction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(4). https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.4.821

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & & Morrison, K. (2018). Research Methods in Education (8th ed). Routledge. In Routledge. (Vol. 11, Number 1).

Conan Simpson, J. (2021). Fostering Teacher Leadership in K-12 Schools: A Review of the Literature. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 34(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21374

Cresswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). In SAGE Publications.

Creswell. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. In Public Administration (Vol. 77, Number 4).

Day, C., Gu, Q., & Sammons, P. (2016). The Impact of Leadership on Student Outcomes: How Successful School Leaders Use Transformational and Instructional Strategies to Make a Difference. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X15616863

DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th ed.). In SAGE Publication.

Dinham, S., & Scott, C. (2000). Moving into the third, outer domain of teacher satisfacction. Journal of Educational Administration, 38(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230010373633

Dou, D., Devos, G., & Valcke, M. (2017). The relationships between school autonomy gap, principal leadership, teachers’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 45(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143216653975

Enyiazu, F. A. (2022). The Problems of Educational Policy Implementation and Its Influence on the Welfare of Teacher Labor Market in Nigeria. OALib, 09(08). https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108868

Fang, J., & Qi, Z. (2023). The influence of school climate on teachers’ job satisfaction: The mediating role of teachers’ self-efficacy. PLoS ONE, 18(10 October). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287555

Fincham, J. E. (2008). Response rates and responsiveness for surveys, standards, and the Journal. In American journal of pharmaceutical education (Vol. 72, Number 2). https://doi.org/10.5688/aj720243

Fraenkel, J., Wallen, N., & Hyun, H. (2022). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. In Journal of American Optometric Association (Vol. 60).

García Torres, D. (2019). Distributed leadership, professional collaboration, and teachers’ job satisfaction in U.S. schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.12.001

Gay, L. R., & Mills, G. E. (2018). Educational Research (competencies for analysis and applications) Twelfth edition. In Educational Research.

Glidden, C. E. (1993). Review of How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (2nd ed.). PsycCRITIQUES, 38(10). https://doi.org/10.1037/032719

Haglund, B., & Glaés-Coutts, L. (2023). Leading and supporting: principals reflect on their task as pedagogical leaders of Swedish school-age educare. School Leadership and Management, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2022.2137725

Hallinger, P. (2005). Instructional Leadership and the School Principal: A Passing Fancy that Refuses to Fade Away. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760500244793

Hallinger, P. (2011). Leadership for learning: lessons from 40 years of empirical research. In Journal of Educational Administration (Vol. 49, Number 2). https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231111116699

Harris, A., Jones, M., & Ismail, N. (2022). Distributed leadership: taking a retrospective and contemporary view of the evidence base. School Leadership and Management, 42(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2022.2109620

Harrison, M. G., King, R. B., & Wang, H. (2023). Satisfied teachers are good teachers: The association between teacher job satisfaction and instructional quality. British Educational Research Journal, 49(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3851

Igbokwe, CC. (2012). Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards antenatal services in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Education and Psychology, 3(1).

Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher Turnover and Teacher Shortages: An Organizational Analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 38(3). https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312038003499

Jentsch, A., Hoferichter, F., Blömeke, S., König, J., & Kaiser, G. (2023). Investigating teachers’ job satisfaction, stress and working environment: The roles of self-efficacy and school leadership. Psychology in the Schools, 60(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22788

Job satisfaction: application, assessment, cause, and consequences. (1997). Choice Reviews Online, 35(01). https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.35-0383

Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. (2015). Likert Scale: Explored and Explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2015/14975

Kirabira, A., Winston, B. E., & Wood, J. A. (2023). Development of an Instrument to Measure Leadership Excellence. In Handbook of Global Leadership and Followership: Integrating the Best Leadership Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21544-5_6

Kolodii, I., Kit, N., Kotsur, V., Shchokin, R., & Pobocha, T. (2023). Information and Analytical System of Control, Planning, and Management of the Educational Process in Educational Institutions. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v12n2p113

Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited. School Leadership and Management, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1596077

Li, R., & Yao, M. (2022). What promotes teachers’ turnover intention? Evidence from a meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100477

Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140.

Liu, S., Keeley, J. W., Sui, Y., & Sang, L. (2021). Impact of distributed leadership on teacher job satisfaction in China: The mediating roles of teacher autonomy and teacher collaboration. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2021.101099

Liu, Y., Bellibaş, M. Ş., & Gümüş, S. (2021). The Effect of Instructional Leadership and Distributed Leadership on Teacher Self-efficacy and Job Satisfaction: Mediating Roles of Supportive School Culture and Teacher Collaboration. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 49(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220910438

Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.

Lopes, J., & Oliveira, C. (2020). Teacher and school determinants of teacher job satisfaction: a multilevel analysis. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2020.1764593

Ma, D., Dong, J., & Lee, C. C. (2025). Influence of perceived risk on consumers’ intention and behavior in cross-border e-commerce transactions: A case study of the Tmall Global platform. International Journal of Information Management, 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2024.102854

Madigan, D. J., & Kim, L. E. (2021). Towards an understanding of teacher attrition: A meta-analysis of burnout, job satisfaction, and teachers’ intentions to quit. In Teaching and Teacher Education (Vol. 105). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103425

Madiha Saeed, & Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz. (2025). AN ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS ABOUT THE EFFICACY OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT PRACTICES IN UNIVERSITIES OF CENTRAL PUNJAB, PAKISTAN. Journal of English Language, Literature and Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2025.0701259

Nadeem, M. (2024). Distributed leadership in educational contexts: A catalyst for school improvement. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100835

Nassaji, H. (2025). Mixed Methods Research: Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. In Applied Linguistics Research. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108672146.031

Noori, A. Q. (2023). Job satisfaction variance among public and private school teachers: A case study. Cogent Education, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2189425

Okoroma, N. S. (2006). Educational Policies and Problems of Implementation in Nigeria. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 46(2).

Ortan, F., Simut, C., & Simut, R. (2021). Self-efficacy, job satisfaction and teacher well-being in the K-12 educational system. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312763

Osorio-Gómez, C. C., Herrera, R. F., Prieto-Osorio, J. M., & Pellicer, E. (2024). Conceptual model for implementation of digital transformation and organizational structure in the construction sector. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2024.102749

Peprah Opoku, M., Nketsia, W., Belbase, S., Side, A. S., Jiya, A. N., & Gemeda, F. T. (2025). A cross-national study of teacher retention and job satisfaction in Sub-Saharan Africa. Preventing School Failure, 69(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2024.2361874

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7

Price, H. E. (2012). Principal-teacher interactions: How affective relationships shape principal and teacher attitudes. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11417126

Rezaee, R., Aghcheli, B., Poortahmasebi, V., Qorbani, M., Alavian, S. M., & Jazayeri, S. M. (2015). Prevalence of National Responsiveness to HBV vaccine after 22 years of Iranian expanded program on immunization (EPI): A systematic review and meta-analysis study. In Hepatitis Monthly (Vol. 15, Number 5). https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.15(4)2015.23618

Robinson, V. M. J., Lloyd, C. A., & Rowe, K. J. (2008). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X08321509

Sahito, Z., & Vaisanen, P. (2020). A literature review on teachers’ job satisfaction in developing countries: Recommendations and solutions for the enhancement of the job. In Review of Education (Vol. 8, Number 1). https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3159

Salkind, N. (2012). “Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes, A.” In Encyclopedia of Research Design. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n454

Schad, E., & Johnsson, P. (2019). Well-being and working conditions of teachers in Sweden. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2019.0402

Schad, E., Niklasson, K., & Gronowitz, O. (2022). Exploring the sustainability of the teaching profession: A thematic analysis of teachers’ perspectives. Psiholoska Obzorja, 31. https://doi.org/10.20419/2022.31.562

Shabbir, M., & Wei, S. (2015). Job satisfaction variance among public and private school teachers, case of Pakistan Administrative Kashmir. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4S1). https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s1p574

Shal, T., Ghamrawi, N., Abu-Tineh, A., Al-Shaboul, Y. M., & Sellami, A. (2024). Teacher leadership and virtual communities: Unpacking teacher agency and distributed leadership. Education and Information Technologies, 29(12). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12446-5

Shi, X., Fan, Q. Z., Zheng, X., Qiu, D. F., Sindakis, S., & Showkat, S. (2024). Optimal Leadership Styles for Teacher Satisfaction: a Meta-analysis of the Correlation Between Leadership Styles and Teacher Job Satisfaction. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01697-9

Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2017). Still motivated to teach? A study of school context variables, stress and job satisfaction among teachers in senior high school. Social Psychology of Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-016-9363-9

Smet, M. (2022). Professional development and teacher job satisfaction: Evidence from a multilevel model. Mathematics, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/math10010051

Spillane, J. P. (2012). * 7L Distributed_Leadership_(Pg_17-19). Book, 4.

Sun, A., & Xia, J. (2018). Teacher-perceived distributed leadership, teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction: A multilevel SEM approach using the 2013 TALIS data. International Journal of Educational Research, 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.09.006

Testa, R. F. (1979). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application. Journal of Research in Music Education, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.2307/3344714

Top, M., Akdere, M., & Tarcan, M. (2015). Examining transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust in Turkish hospitals: public servants versus private sector employees. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(9). https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.939987

Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., & Johansson, S. (2021). Teacher job satisfaction: the importance of school working conditions and teacher characteristics. Educational Review, 73(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2019.1705247

Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., & Johansson, S. (2023). Open Access: Teacher job satisfaction: the importance of school working conditions and teacher characteristics. In Mapping the Field. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003403722-6

Torres, D. G. (2019). Distributed leadership, professional collaboration, and teachers’ job satisfaction in US schools. TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION, 79.

Tschannen-Moran, M. (2014). Trust Matters: Leadership for Successful Schools. In Becoming a Trustworthy Leader.

Van Maele, D., & Van Houtte, M. (2012). The role of teacher and faculty trust in forming teachers’ job satisfaction: Do years of experience make a difference? Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.04.001

Wartenberg, G., Aldrup, K., Grund, S., & Klusmann, U. (2023). Satisfied and High Performing? A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Correlates of Teachers’ Job Satisfaction. Educational Psychology Review, 35(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09831-4

Weyant, E. (2022). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 5th Edition. Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries, 19(1–2). https://doi.org/10.1080/15424065.2022.2046231

Xie, Z., & Zou, X. (2025). How perceived teaching autonomy predicts job satisfaction in China: The mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderating role of school climate. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101498

Yong, P., & Zhang, J. (2025). How transformational leadership reduces teachers’ role stress: dual mediation of affective commitment and job satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1634303

Downloads

Published

2025-05-10

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Oladehinde Joseph, A. (2025). Principals Leadership Competence and Teachers Job Satisfaction in Ondo North Public and Private Secondary Schools. Advances Educational Innovation, 1(4), 169-17. https://doi.org/10.69725/aei.v1i4.361

Share